India's Leadership In G20: Crafting A Trajectory To Solve Global Problems

On December 1, 2022, India achieved a significant milestone, marking a proud moment as it officially assumed the esteemed G20 Presidency from Indonesia, signalling a new chapter in global politics. The captivating saffron, white, green and blue coloured logo which ingeniously merges the Earth embedded in India’s national flower Lotus and the G20 2023 theme "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" or "One Earth · One Family · One Future," vividly embodies India's vibrant culture. These elements unequivocally signify India's unwavering commitment to fostering just and equitable growth for all, especially during these unstable times. India approaches this task with a focus on sustainability, holistic approaches, responsibility, and inclusivity.

The G20 comprises nations that collectively account for approximately 85 per cent of the global GDP, over 75 per cent of the global trade, and encompass a population of around two-thirds of the world. The nations rely on the G20 to devise effective solutions for the many challenges facing the world as it possesses the capability to forge agreement and yield tangible outcomes. Taking the leadership of such a distinguished group opens up a plethora of opportunities for the “mother of democracy” in India.

India is assuming a position of leadership during a critical juncture. In recent years, the world has encountered major shocks across various realms, encompassing health, geopolitics, finance, and more. As countries embark on the path of recovery from the pandemic, they require leadership that can boost their performance and endeavour to restore the world to its pre-pandemic state.

In this declining era of multilateralism, India’s leadership with an inclusive and sustainable approach emerges as an exceptional occasion to amplify the voices of the Global South, particularly the developing nations worldwide. This auspicious moment for India marks a pivotal juncture in global politics, as India assumes the role of a vital bridge between the West and the Global South, as well as the developed and developing worlds. A significant step in this direction was the Global South Summit, which took place in January 2023. It was presided over by the Prime Minister and saw the participation of 125 nations, including 18 represented by Heads of State or Government, as well as other countries represented at the Ministerial level.

The Union budget introduced in India from the inception of the Amrit Kaal era places particular emphasis on fostering comprehensive progress. The essence of Indian culture revolves around peace and unity. India believes in a sustainable economy that thrives on technological advancements and knowledge-driven principles. By embracing these fundamental principles, the multitude of challenges confronting the world today, including financial turmoil, climate change, pandemics, terrorism, geopolitical tension, and wars, can be effectively addressed and resolved.

Exerting profound ramifications on the global supply chain and giving rise to geopolitical tensions, the Russia-Ukraine conflict stands as a paramount global concern. Last year, following Prime Minister Modi's declaration that “today’s era must not be of war”, the G20 summit called for an end to the conflict. Given its role as the leader of the G20, India possesses the potential to propagate the ideals of harmony and foster international unity for the betterment of the global community.

Another imperative of the present moment is the pursuit of sustainable and inclusive growth. Humanity has begun recognizing the intrinsic value of nature. Efforts are underway to rectify the damage inflicted, although this restorative process will require considerable time. Indian culture reveres nature as sacred, and India's commitment to achieving net zero emissions by 2070, alongside various initiatives such as ISA, NAPCC, Mission LiFE, and others, reflects the nation's resolute determination to transition towards a sustainable economy. In its pursuit of a greener India, India has charted a roadmap called "Panchamrit," encompassing five targets to be accomplished, propelling the nation towards a cleaner and more environmentally conscious future. In order to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), developing nations necessitate financial resources. India can assume the role of a nation to engage in negotiations with diverse international institutions to secure financial, technical, and knowledge-based assistance.

The integration of "data for development" will constitute a fundamental pillar within India's presidency. India has made substantial strides in the realm of the digital economy. When employed prudently, the digital economy possesses the potential to bridge societal divides and facilitate inclusive growth, thereby catalyzing a transformative social change.

The ongoing G20 Presidency of India has been marked by substantial discussions on key areas of focus, encompassing inclusive and robust economic expansion, advancements in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), environmentally friendly development and the promotion of a Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE). Additionally, the agenda has emphasized technological innovation, the development of public digital infrastructure, the reform of international institutions, empowerment of women in development, and the promotion of global peace and harmony.

Every endeavour is accompanied by obstacles, for no opportunity arises without them. Whether labeled as an opportunity or a challenge, the entire developing sphere directs its gaze towards India, harboring numerous aspirations from the country. Now is the moment for India to rise and fulfill those expectations. The G20 Presidency serves as an incredible opportunity for India to lead the world and become the voice of the developing Global South. India should utilise this opportunity to foster positive change and steer the world towards a more prosperous future.

Divya Singh Rathore, a public policy professional. She tweets at @_divyarathore

Suhani Jain is an undergraduate student pursuing B.A. (Honors) Economics at Lady Shri Ram College for Women, University of Delhi and currently holds an internship position at NITI Aayo